What it is
Knee replacement surgery, sometimes called knee arthroplasty, is an operation in which a surgeon removes worn or damaged surfaces of the knee joint and fits artificial parts, often made of metal and plastic. The knee is where the thigh bone, shin bone and kneecap meet, and it carries a lot of body weight every day.
Some procedures replace only part of the knee, and others replace the whole joint. Which type might be considered depends on many individual factors, and only a licensed surgeon can say what, if anything, fits a particular person after an evaluation.
People often start looking into knee replacement surgery when long-standing joint pain, stiffness or reduced movement affects daily life. Many different conditions can cause knee symptoms, and a proper evaluation is the only way to know what is going on.
How it’s traditionally been approached
Traditionally, knee problems have been approached in steps. Many people and clinicians begin with options that do not involve surgery, such as activity changes, physical therapy, weight management, supportive devices and medications discussed with a provider.
Injections are another category people hear about. Corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid injections are used by some clinicians for certain situations. Biologic or 'regenerative' injections such as PRP, stem cell, amniotic, umbilical or exosome products are different: many are not FDA-approved for orthopedic uses, and insurance often does not cover them. Ask a provider about the regulatory status of anything offered.
Surgery has traditionally been considered when other approaches have not given enough relief and the knee significantly limits daily life. Recovery is usually described as a general range that varies from person to person, often involving rehabilitation and follow-up visits. No outcome is guaranteed.
How the right orthopedic doctor may help
The right orthopedic doctor may help by listening to your history, examining the knee, and possibly ordering imaging such as X-rays. A visit often includes questions about your pain, mobility, daily activities, other health conditions and goals.
A hip and knee replacement specialist focuses on joint surgery, while a sports medicine provider may focus on non-surgical care and active lifestyles. Either may help you understand your options, and the right fit depends on your situation.
Useful questions to ask include: What do you think is causing my symptoms? What are all of my options, including non-surgical ones? How often do you perform this procedure? What does recovery generally involve? What are the risks? How does insurance apply? It is reasonable, and encouraged, to get a second opinion before any major surgery.
The whole-person view
Body, mind and stress affect each other. Ongoing knee pain can influence sleep, mood and confidence, and worry or stress can make pain feel more intense. Facing surgery can bring up anxiety, which is very common and understandable.
Some people find body-based support, such as the approaches listed through Somatic Experiences, helpful for working with stress held in the body. Others prefer talk therapy, such as providers found through Therapists.plus, to process worries about surgery or recovery. These are complements to medical care, not replacements for it.
Somatic Experiences: embodiment and movement →Therapists.plus: mind body connection →
Keep in mind
- Only a licensed orthopedic doctor can evaluate your knee and decide what care is appropriate for you.
- This page does not diagnose or recommend any treatment or surgery, and recovery times and outcomes vary from person to person.
- Consider a second opinion before major surgery, and ask providers about FDA status and insurance coverage for any injection or biologic product.
- For emergencies such as sudden severe pain, an inability to bear weight after an injury, or signs of infection, call 911; if you are in emotional crisis, call or text 988.
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Frequently asked questions
What is knee replacement surgery?
Knee replacement surgery is a procedure in which a surgeon replaces damaged parts of the knee joint with artificial components. It may involve part of the knee or the whole joint. A licensed orthopedic surgeon decides whether it is appropriate after an evaluation.
How do I find an orthopedic doctor near me for knee problems?
You can start by looking for orthopedic doctors in your area who focus on knees, such as hip and knee replacement or sports medicine providers. Check credentials, ask about their experience with your type of concern, and confirm insurance coverage. Directories like this one can help you explore options, but the choice is yours.
When do people consider knee replacement surgery?
People often consider it when knee pain and limited movement continue to affect daily life despite other approaches. The decision is personal and is made with a licensed surgeon after an evaluation. Many people also seek a second opinion first.
How long does recovery from knee replacement surgery take?
Recovery varies widely from person to person, and no timeline is guaranteed. It generally involves a period of rehabilitation and follow-up care over weeks to months. Your surgeon can explain what to expect based on your health and the procedure.
Are PRP or stem cell injections a replacement for knee surgery?
Not necessarily, and you should ask your provider directly. Many biologic or regenerative injections, including PRP, stem cell, amniotic, umbilical and exosome products, are not FDA-approved for orthopedic uses, and insurance often does not cover them. A licensed clinician can explain what is appropriate for you.
What should I ask before knee replacement surgery?
Ask what is causing your symptoms, what non-surgical options exist, what the risks are, and what recovery generally involves. Also ask about the surgeon's experience with the procedure and about insurance coverage. A second opinion before major surgery is a reasonable step.
Educational resource. Best Orthopedic Doctors shares general information and connects people with independent orthopedic doctors. It is not medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Talk with a licensed professional about your health.