What it is
Orthopedic injections are treatments delivered by needle into or near a joint, tendon or other tissue, often to address pain or inflammation. Knee injections are among the most commonly searched, but shoulders, hips, elbows and other areas are also discussed.
Common types include cortisone (corticosteroid) injections, which are medicines used to calm inflammation, and hyaluronic acid injections, which use a substance similar to a natural component of joint fluid. Both are regulated medical products, and a licensed clinician decides whether either is appropriate after an evaluation.
"Regenerative" or biologic options include platelet-rich plasma (PRP), stem cell products, and amniotic, umbilical and exosome products. Please know that many of these are not FDA-approved for orthopedic uses, and insurance often does not cover them. For education about amniotic products specifically, visit amnioticdoctors.com.
How it’s traditionally been approached
Traditionally, orthopedic care has often begun with less invasive steps, such as activity changes, physical therapy, bracing, and over-the-counter or prescribed medicines. Injections have commonly been discussed as one option among these, usually after an exam and sometimes imaging.
Cortisone and hyaluronic acid injections have a longer history of use in orthopedic practice than newer biologic products. Even so, how well any injection works, and for how long, varies from person to person, and results are never guaranteed.
Biologic and regenerative injections are newer and are still discussed and debated among clinicians. Some people explore them hoping to delay or avoid surgery, while others prefer more established approaches. A thoughtful provider can explain the differences without pressure.
How the right orthopedic doctor may help
The right orthopedic doctor may begin by listening to your history, examining the area, and possibly ordering imaging. They may then explain what they see in plain language and walk through the range of options, including non-injection ones, so you can weigh them yourself.
Good questions to bring include: Is this product FDA-approved for my condition, or is it being used off-label or as an unapproved product? What is the product made from, and where does it come from? What might it reasonably do, and what might it not do? What are the possible risks? Is it likely to be covered by insurance, and what would I pay out of pocket?
If surgery is ever on the table, ask about alternatives and consider a second opinion before any major procedure. Be cautious about anyone who guarantees results, promises to help you avoid surgery, or pressures you to decide on the spot. A trustworthy provider welcomes questions.
The whole-person view
Living with joint or tendon pain can affect sleep, mood, activity and confidence, and stress can in turn make pain feel more intense. Body, mind and daily stress influence one another, so caring for the whole person can be a meaningful part of any recovery journey.
Some people find that body-based support such as that offered through Somatic Experiences helps them feel more at ease in their bodies, and others value talking with a licensed counselor through Therapists.plus about the worry or frustration that can come with ongoing pain. These are complementary choices, not replacements for orthopedic care, and no approach is better than another for everyone.
Somatic Experiences: embodiment and movement →Therapists.plus: mind body connection →
Keep in mind
- Only a licensed clinician can decide whether any injection is appropriate for you after an evaluation; this page does not diagnose or recommend treatments.
- Many biologic and regenerative injections (PRP, stem cell, amniotic, umbilical, exosome) are not FDA-approved for orthopedic uses, and insurance often does not cover them.
- Seek a second opinion before major surgery, and be wary of promises or guarantees about outcomes or recovery.
- For emergencies such as severe injury, sudden swelling, fever with a painful joint, or inability to bear weight, call 911; if you are in emotional crisis, call or text 988.
Be clear about FDA status: many biologic and 'regenerative' injections are not FDA-approved for orthopedic uses. Point readers to amnioticdoctors.com for amniotic-product education.
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Frequently asked questions
How do I find an orthopedic doctor near me who offers injections?
Start by searching for a licensed orthopedic doctor in your area and checking their credentials, specialties and the services they list. Call the office and ask which injections they offer and how they explain the products' FDA status. Directories such as Providers.plus can help you find licensed providers.
Are PRP injections FDA-approved for knee pain?
PRP is generally not FDA-approved for orthopedic uses such as knee conditions. Some clinics offer it anyway, and practices vary. Ask your provider how they classify it, what it may realistically do, and what you would pay, since insurance often does not cover it.
What is the difference between cortisone and hyaluronic acid injections?
Cortisone is a corticosteroid medicine used to calm inflammation, while hyaluronic acid is a substance similar to a natural part of joint fluid. They work differently and are used in different situations. A licensed orthopedic doctor can explain which, if either, may be appropriate for you.
Can injections help me avoid surgery?
Sometimes injections are discussed as part of a plan that may delay or reduce the need for surgery, but no one can promise that. Results vary from person to person. If surgery is recommended, getting a second opinion is a sensible step.
Are amniotic and stem cell injections safe and approved?
Many amniotic, umbilical and stem cell products marketed for joints are not FDA-approved for orthopedic uses. Ask a provider what the product is, where it comes from and what the risks may be. You can find more education at amnioticdoctors.com.
Does insurance cover orthopedic injections?
Coverage depends on the injection and your plan. Cortisone and some hyaluronic acid injections are more commonly covered, while biologic and regenerative injections often are not. Ask the office and your insurer for details before treatment.
Educational resource. Best Orthopedic Doctors shares general information and connects people with independent orthopedic doctors. It is not medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Talk with a licensed professional about your health.