What it is
The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint. They help hold the upper arm bone in the socket and allow the arm to lift and rotate.
A tear happens when one of these tendons is damaged or pulled away from the bone. Tears can be partial or full-thickness, and they may develop gradually over time or appear after an injury such as a fall.
People describe a range of experiences, such as shoulder pain, trouble lifting the arm, or discomfort at night. Many other shoulder problems feel similar, so only a licensed clinician can tell what is going on after an evaluation.
How it’s traditionally been approached
Care for rotator cuff problems has often started with non-surgical approaches. These commonly include rest from aggravating activities, physical therapy, and medicines or injections that a clinician may discuss.
Surgery has traditionally been considered in some situations, such as certain larger tears, tears from a recent injury, or when other approaches have not met a person's goals. Whether it makes sense depends on many individual factors.
Recovery timelines are general ranges that vary a lot from person to person. Some biologic or 'regenerative' injections, such as PRP or stem cell products, are offered for shoulders, but many are not FDA-approved for orthopedic uses and insurance often does not cover them. It is reasonable to ask a provider about this.
How the right orthopedic doctor may help
An orthopedic doctor who focuses on shoulder and elbow conditions may help by examining your shoulder, asking about your symptoms and activities, and explaining what they find. They may order imaging, such as X-rays or an MRI, if they feel it would be useful.
A visit generally includes a conversation about your history, a hands-on movement and strength check, and a discussion of possible next steps. Bring notes on when the problem started, what makes it better or worse, and what you hope to be able to do again.
Helpful questions include: What do you think is happening in my shoulder? What are all my options, including non-surgical ones? What are the risks and limits of each? How would each fit my work and lifestyle? For any major surgery, getting a second opinion is a common and sensible step.
The whole-person view
Shoulder pain can affect sleep, mood, work and the things you enjoy, and stress or worry can in turn make the body feel more tense and sensitive. Body, mind and stress influence each other, so looking after the whole person is a reasonable part of any care journey.
Some people find that body-based support, such as the practitioners listed through Somatic Experiences, helps them feel more settled while dealing with pain. Others value talking with someone, such as a therapist found through Therapists.plus, about the frustration or worry that can come with an injury. These are options to explore alongside, not instead of, medical care.
Somatic Experiences: embodiment and movement →Therapists.plus: mind body connection →
Keep in mind
- This page is educational only and is not medical advice or a diagnosis; only a licensed clinician can evaluate your shoulder.
- Treatment choices, outcomes and recovery times vary from person to person, and nothing here is a promise of results.
- Ask about regulatory status, costs and insurance coverage for any injection or procedure, and consider a second opinion before major surgery.
- For emergencies such as sudden severe pain after a serious injury, call 911; if you are in emotional crisis, call or text 988.
Not sure where to start? Answer a few gentle questions and choose who you’d like to hear from.
Frequently asked questions
What is the usual rotator cuff tear treatment?
There is no single usual treatment, because it depends on the tear and the person. Care has often started with non-surgical approaches such as activity changes and physical therapy, while surgery is considered in some cases. A licensed orthopedic doctor can explain which options may apply to you.
How do I find an orthopedic doctor near me for a shoulder problem?
Look for an orthopedic doctor who focuses on shoulder and elbow conditions and is licensed in your area. Providers.plus and this directory can help you find independent providers to compare. It can help to ask about their experience with rotator cuff problems and what options they discuss.
Can a rotator cuff tear heal on its own?
It depends on the tear, and only a clinician can say what is likely in your case. Some people manage symptoms well without surgery, while some tears may not fully reconnect on their own. An evaluation and imaging can help clarify what is happening.
Do I always need surgery for a rotator cuff tear?
No, surgery is not always part of rotator cuff tear treatment. Many factors, such as tear size, symptoms, age, activity level and goals, shape the discussion. Because surgery is a major decision, getting a second opinion is commonly encouraged.
Are PRP or stem cell injections approved for rotator cuff tears?
Many biologic or 'regenerative' injections, including PRP and stem cell products, are not FDA-approved for orthopedic uses such as rotator cuff tears. Insurance often does not cover them. Ask your provider plainly about the regulatory status, the evidence and the costs before deciding.
How long does recovery from a rotator cuff tear take?
Recovery varies widely and cannot be guaranteed. Timelines are general ranges that depend on the type of tear, the approach taken, and the individual. Your orthopedic doctor and physical therapist can describe what to expect for your situation.
Educational resource. Best Orthopedic Doctors shares general information and connects people with independent orthopedic doctors. It is not medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Talk with a licensed professional about your health.