What it is
Shoulder and elbow orthopedics is a specialty area focused on the bones, joints, tendons, ligaments and muscles of the upper arm. The shoulder is a very mobile joint, which gives it a wide range of motion but also makes it prone to wear, strain and injury. The elbow is a hinge joint that relies on tendons to power the forearm, wrist and hand.
Common reasons people look for this kind of care include shoulder pain, rotator cuff tears, frozen shoulder, arthritis, instability and tennis elbow. The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that help steady and move the shoulder. Tennis elbow is irritation of tendons on the outer elbow, and it is not limited to people who play tennis.
Some orthopedic doctors focus on shoulder and elbow conditions, while others treat the whole body. Procedures in this area can include rotator cuff repair, shoulder arthroscopy (a minimally invasive camera-guided approach) and shoulder replacement. Whether any of these is appropriate is a decision for a licensed clinician after an evaluation.
How it’s traditionally been approached
Shoulder and elbow concerns have traditionally been approached with a conservative-first mindset for many people. This can include rest, activity changes, physical therapy, anti-inflammatory approaches and injections. Many clinicians start with these steps before discussing anything more involved, though this varies by person and condition.
When symptoms persist, or when an injury is significant, an orthopedic doctor may discuss imaging and surgical options. Rotator cuff repair, shoulder arthroscopy and shoulder replacement are examples of procedures that have long been used for certain conditions. Recovery timelines are general ranges that vary widely from person to person.
Some people also explore biologic or so-called regenerative injections, such as PRP, stem cell, amniotic, umbilical or exosome products. Many of these are not FDA-approved for orthopedic uses, and insurance often does not cover them. It is reasonable to ask a provider about the regulatory status of anything being offered.
How the right orthopedic doctor may help
A first visit with a shoulder and elbow orthopedic doctor generally begins with a conversation about your history, what you do day to day and what is bothering you. The doctor may examine your range of motion and strength and may discuss whether imaging such as X-rays or MRI could be helpful. The goal is to understand what may be going on, and only a licensed clinician can do that.
Useful questions to bring include: What do you think may be causing my symptoms? What are all of my options, including non-surgical ones? What does each option involve, and what are the possible risks and limits? How much of your practice is shoulder and elbow work? Writing questions down ahead of time can help you feel prepared.
If surgery is ever suggested, getting a second opinion is a common and sensible step, especially before a major procedure. You can also ask about what recovery generally looks like, what physical therapy may be involved and what your insurance may or may not cover. A good provider will welcome these questions and explain things clearly.
The whole-person view
Body, mind and stress affect each other. Ongoing shoulder or elbow pain can disrupt sleep, limit hobbies and work, and make people feel worried or frustrated, while stress and tension can also make the body feel tighter and more sensitive. Looking at the whole person can be a helpful part of feeling supported during care.
Some people find that body-based support, such as the approaches offered through Somatic Experiences, helps them feel more connected to their body during recovery. Others find talk therapy through Therapists.plus useful for coping with pain, uncertainty or the stress of a procedure. These are optional complements to medical care, not replacements for it.
Somatic Experiences: embodiment and movement →Therapists.plus: mind body connection →
Keep in mind
- This page is educational only and does not diagnose conditions or recommend any treatment or surgery.
- Only a licensed orthopedic doctor or other qualified clinician can evaluate your situation and decide what is appropriate for you.
- Outcomes and recovery times vary from person to person and are never guaranteed; consider a second opinion before major surgery.
- For emergencies such as a serious injury, severe sudden pain, or signs of a medical emergency, call 911; if you are in emotional crisis, call or text 988.
Orthopedic doctors
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Frequently asked questions
How do I find an orthopedic doctor near me for shoulder pain?
You can start by searching a directory of independent orthopedic doctors, such as Providers.plus, and looking for those who list shoulder and elbow care. Check credentials, ask about their experience with your type of concern and consider your insurance network. A primary care clinician may also be able to point you toward options.
What does a shoulder and elbow orthopedic doctor treat?
A shoulder and elbow orthopedic doctor evaluates conditions such as rotator cuff tears, frozen shoulder, arthritis, instability and tennis elbow. They may discuss both non-surgical and surgical approaches. What is appropriate depends on an individual evaluation.
Is a rotator cuff tear always treated with surgery?
No, not always. Many factors, including the type of tear, your symptoms and your activity level, play a role in what a clinician may discuss, and non-surgical approaches are often considered. Ask your orthopedic doctor to explain all of your options.
What is the difference between shoulder arthroscopy and shoulder replacement?
Shoulder arthroscopy is a minimally invasive approach that uses a small camera and instruments through small incisions, while shoulder replacement involves replacing parts of the joint with implants. They are used for different situations. Only a licensed clinician can say whether either may be suitable for you.
Are PRP or stem cell injections approved for shoulder and elbow problems?
Many biologic or regenerative injections, including PRP, stem cell, amniotic, umbilical and exosome products, are not FDA-approved for orthopedic uses. Insurance often does not cover them. Ask your provider about the regulatory status, the evidence and the costs before deciding.
Should I get a second opinion before shoulder surgery?
Yes, a second opinion is generally encouraged before any major surgery. A different orthopedic doctor may confirm the recommendation or describe other options. Most clinicians understand and support this request.
Educational resource. Best Orthopedic Doctors shares general information and connects people with independent orthopedic doctors. It is not medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Talk with a licensed professional about your health.