What it is
A concussion is generally described as a mild traumatic brain injury caused by a bump, blow or jolt to the head or body that makes the brain move rapidly inside the skull. It can happen in sports, falls, car accidents or everyday activities, and it does not always involve losing consciousness.
People describe a wide range of experiences afterward, such as headache, dizziness, foggy thinking, sensitivity to light or noise, trouble sleeping, or changes in mood. Symptoms can show up right away or develop over hours or days, and they differ from person to person.
Because symptoms overlap with other conditions, a concussion cannot be self-diagnosed reliably. A licensed clinician is the person who evaluates what is going on and what it may mean for you.
How it’s traditionally been approached
Traditionally, concussions have been evaluated by a range of licensed clinicians, including primary care doctors, emergency physicians, sports medicine doctors, neurologists and pediatric specialists. Which one is involved often depends on the injury, the person's age and how symptoms are developing.
Historically, the general approach has centered on a clinical evaluation, a review of symptoms and history, and guidance about rest and a gradual return to school, work and activity. Approaches have evolved over time, and individual recommendations come from the treating clinician.
Orthopedic and sports medicine practices often see concussions alongside other injuries, such as neck, shoulder or spine problems from the same event. Physical therapists and other providers may also be part of a care team when a clinician feels it is appropriate.
How the right orthopedic doctor may help
The right concussion doctor may help by taking a careful history, examining you, and deciding whether further testing or a referral is appropriate. Sports medicine and pediatric orthopedic providers are often familiar with injuries from athletics and can sometimes coordinate with schools, coaches or therapists.
A visit generally includes questions about how the injury happened, your symptoms, past head injuries and medical history. The clinician may check balance, vision, memory, concentration and neck function. Any decisions about imaging or next steps are made by the clinician after the evaluation.
Helpful questions to ask include: What do you think is going on, and what else could it be? Which symptoms should prompt me to call or seek urgent care? Who should be involved in my care? When might it be appropriate to return to school, work or sports, and who decides? Is a second opinion reasonable? Timelines vary widely from person to person, and no provider can guarantee an outcome.
The whole-person view
The body, mind and stress affect each other. After a head injury, worry about symptoms, disrupted sleep, missed school or work, and time away from sports can add emotional strain, and that strain can in turn make symptoms feel harder to manage.
Some people find that supportive care alongside medical evaluation fits their needs. Body-based approaches, such as those offered through Somatic Experiences, or talk therapy through Therapists.plus, are options some people explore for stress and adjustment. These are not substitutes for medical evaluation, and a licensed clinician can help you decide what fits.
Somatic Experiences: embodiment and movement →Therapists.plus: mind body connection →
Keep in mind
- Only a licensed clinician can evaluate a possible concussion and decide what is appropriate for you or your child.
- Call 911 for emergencies, such as loss of consciousness, repeated vomiting, seizures, worsening confusion, severe or worsening headache, weakness or numbness, or unusual drowsiness after a head injury.
- If you or someone you know is in emotional crisis, call or text 988 for the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline.
- Recovery experiences vary widely, and returning to activity too early is a common concern, so follow your clinician's guidance rather than general information online.
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Frequently asked questions
What kind of doctor treats concussions?
Several types of licensed clinicians evaluate concussions, including primary care doctors, emergency physicians, sports medicine doctors, neurologists and pediatric specialists. The best fit often depends on your age, the cause of injury and your symptoms. A primary care doctor or urgent care clinic can often help you decide where to go next.
Should I see a concussion doctor near me or go to the ER?
If there are warning signs such as loss of consciousness, repeated vomiting, seizures, worsening confusion or a severe headache, call 911 or go to the emergency room right away. For milder symptoms, a clinician can advise whether an office visit is appropriate. When in doubt, it is reasonable to seek prompt medical care.
Is a sports medicine doctor a good choice for a concussion?
Sports medicine doctors often have experience evaluating head injuries in athletes and may coordinate with schools, teams and therapists. Whether they are right for you depends on your situation. Ask about their experience with concussions and with your age group.
What happens at a concussion evaluation?
A visit typically involves questions about the injury and symptoms, a review of your medical history, and a physical and neurological exam that may include balance, vision and thinking tasks. The clinician then explains what they found and what next steps, if any, they suggest. Imaging is only used when the clinician feels it is appropriate.
How long does it take to recover from a concussion?
Recovery varies from person to person, and no one can promise a specific timeline. Some people feel better in days to weeks, while others take longer. Your clinician can talk with you about what to expect in your case.
Can a child see a pediatric orthopedic or sports medicine provider for a concussion?
Yes, children and teens are often evaluated by pediatricians, pediatric sports medicine providers or other pediatric specialists. Because young people are still developing, it is especially important that a licensed clinician guides decisions about school and sports. Ask the provider about their experience with children and how they communicate with schools.
Educational resource. Best Orthopedic Doctors shares general information and connects people with independent orthopedic doctors. It is not medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Talk with a licensed professional about your health.