What it is
Sciatica is a term for pain, tingling, numbness or weakness that follows the path of the sciatic nerve. This nerve starts in the lower spine and runs through the buttock and down the back of each leg. Sciatica is a symptom, not a diagnosis in itself.
Many different things can irritate or press on the nerve. Examples include a disc in the spine, narrowing of the spinal canal, changes related to age, or tight muscles in the hip area. A licensed clinician has to evaluate what is behind your symptoms.
People describe sciatica in many ways: sharp, burning, aching or electric. It often affects one side of the body. How strong it feels and how long it lasts can vary a great deal from person to person.
How it’s traditionally been approached
Sciatica treatment has traditionally started with conservative, non-surgical approaches. These often include a period of modified activity, gentle movement, and over-the-counter or prescribed options chosen by a clinician. Many people are told that symptoms improve over time, though this varies.
Rehabilitation-focused care, such as physical therapy and guidance from physical medicine and rehab providers, is also commonly used. Some people explore other supportive approaches, such as chiropractic care, massage, acupuncture or heat and cold. Different people find different approaches helpful, and each has its own considerations.
When symptoms are severe or do not ease, clinicians may discuss imaging, injections or procedures. Surgery is generally considered for specific situations and only after an evaluation. Biologic or 'regenerative' injections such as PRP or stem cell products are not FDA-approved for most orthopedic uses, and insurance often does not cover them.
How the right orthopedic doctor may help
The right orthopedic doctor or spine specialist may help by listening to your history, examining your back and legs, and checking things like strength, reflexes and sensation. They may decide whether imaging is useful. They can explain what they think may be contributing to your symptoms and which options may be worth discussing.
A visit is generally a conversation. It helps to bring notes on when symptoms started, what makes them better or worse, medications you take and any past treatments. Having a list of questions ready can make the time more useful.
Good questions to ask include: What do you think is causing my symptoms? What are the non-surgical and surgical options, and what are the pros and cons of each? What would make you want to re-check me sooner? How is a treatment regulated, and is it FDA-approved for this use? Is a second opinion reasonable, especially before major surgery?
The whole-person view
Body, mind and stress affect each other. Ongoing pain can disrupt sleep, mood and daily routines, and stress and tension can make the body feel more sensitive. Looking at the whole person is a way of understanding your experience, and it does not mean the pain is imagined.
Some people find it helpful to add support alongside medical care. Somatic Experiences offers body-based support that some people use to build awareness of tension and stress in the body. Therapists.plus connects people with talk therapy, which some find useful for coping with chronic pain and its effects on life. Your orthopedic doctor can help you decide what fits your needs.
Somatic Experiences: nervous system regulation →Therapists.plus: mind body connection →
Keep in mind
- Only a licensed clinician can evaluate your symptoms and decide what is appropriate for you; this page does not diagnose or recommend treatment.
- Seek emergency care by calling 911 for sudden weakness, loss of bladder or bowel control, numbness in the groin or saddle area, or pain after a serious injury.
- Recovery times and results vary from person to person, and no outcome is guaranteed.
- If pain is affecting your mental health and you feel in crisis, call or text 988, the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline.
Not sure where to start? Answer a few gentle questions and choose who you’d like to hear from.
Frequently asked questions
What is the best sciatica treatment?
There is no single best sciatica treatment, because the right approach depends on what is causing your symptoms and your overall health. A licensed clinician can evaluate you and discuss options. Many people start with conservative care, but your provider decides what is appropriate.
How do I find an orthopedic doctor near me for sciatica?
You can find an orthopedic doctor near me by searching a directory like Providers.plus, checking with your insurance plan, or asking your primary care provider for a referral. Look for doctors who focus on spine care or physical medicine and rehab. It can help to confirm credentials and ask about their experience with sciatica.
Should I see an orthopedic doctor or a physical medicine doctor for sciatica?
Either may be a reasonable starting point, depending on your symptoms and preferences. Orthopedic and spine specialists focus on the bones, discs and joints, and may discuss procedures. Physical medicine and rehab doctors often focus on function and non-surgical care. Some people see both.
How long does sciatica last?
It varies widely from person to person. Some people notice symptoms ease within weeks to months, while others have symptoms that last longer or come back. A clinician can talk with you about what is typical for your situation, without any guarantees.
Is surgery always needed for sciatica?
No, surgery is not always needed. It is generally discussed only in certain situations after an evaluation. If surgery is suggested, getting a second opinion is a reasonable step before a major procedure.
Are stem cell or PRP injections approved for sciatica?
Many biologic or 'regenerative' injections, including PRP, stem cell, amniotic and exosome products, are not FDA-approved for orthopedic uses like sciatica. Insurance often does not cover them. Ask your provider about the regulatory status, the risks and the cost before deciding.
Educational resource. Best Orthopedic Doctors shares general information and connects people with independent orthopedic doctors. It is not medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Talk with a licensed professional about your health.