What it is
An orthopedic surgeon is a medical doctor who specializes in the musculoskeletal system: bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and nerves. Despite the title, many orthopedic surgeons spend much of their time on non-surgical care and only recommend surgery when it is appropriate after an evaluation.
Many orthopedic doctors focus on a particular area or type of problem. Common focus areas include sports medicine, hip and knee replacement, fractures and orthopedic trauma, spine, shoulder and elbow, hand, and foot and ankle. A surgeon who is excellent for one concern may not be the right match for another.
Because 'best' depends on your needs, there is no single universal answer. Training, experience with your specific concern, communication style, location, and insurance participation can all play a role in what feels like the right choice for you.
How it’s traditionally been approached
People have traditionally started with a referral from a primary care doctor, who may know local specialists and can share relevant history. Friends, family, and other healthcare professionals are another common source of recommendations.
Many people also check whether a surgeon is board certified, where they completed training, whether they hold hospital privileges nearby, and whether they take your insurance. Directories, hospital websites, and patient reviews are often used as starting points, though reviews reflect individual experiences and are not a substitute for verifying credentials.
For larger decisions, such as joint replacement or other major surgery, it has long been common to seek a second opinion. Hearing a second perspective is a normal part of making an informed choice and is generally welcomed by thoughtful clinicians.
How the right orthopedic doctor may help
The right orthopedic surgeon may help by listening to your history, examining the affected area, and explaining what they find in plain language. A first visit often includes questions about your symptoms, daily activities, and goals, and may include a physical exam and imaging such as X-rays if the clinician feels it is appropriate.
Only a licensed clinician can decide what is appropriate for you after an evaluation. A good surgeon may walk you through a range of options, including non-surgical ones, and explain the potential benefits, risks, and what recovery can generally look like, with timelines that vary from person to person.
Helpful questions to bring include: How often do you treat my specific concern? What are all my options, including not having surgery? What are the risks and the typical recovery range? Who will be involved in my care? Would you support a second opinion? Writing your questions down beforehand can make the visit easier.
The whole-person view
Pain, limited movement, and uncertainty about surgery can affect more than the body. Stress, worry, and poor sleep can influence how we experience discomfort, and ongoing physical problems can in turn affect mood and energy. Looking at the whole person is a reasonable part of caring for yourself.
Some people find it helpful to add supportive resources alongside their medical care. Somatic Experiences offers body-based support that some people explore for stress and tension, and Therapists.plus connects people with talk therapy for coping with the emotional side of health challenges. These are options to consider, not replacements for medical care.
Somatic Experiences: embodiment and movement →Therapists.plus: mind body connection →
Keep in mind
- This page is educational only and is not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a recommendation for any treatment or surgery.
- Licensed professionals should guide your care, and consider a second opinion before any major surgery.
- Biologic or 'regenerative' injections such as PRP, stem cell, amniotic, umbilical, or exosome products are not FDA-approved for many orthopedic uses and are often not covered by insurance, so ask a provider about their status and costs.
- For emergencies such as a suspected serious fracture, severe injury, or sudden loss of function, call 911. If you are in emotional crisis, call or text 988.
Not sure where to start? Answer a few gentle questions and choose who you’d like to hear from.
Frequently asked questions
How do I find the best orthopedic surgeon near me?
Start by identifying the type of concern you have, then look for surgeons who focus on it, such as sports medicine, joint replacement, or trauma. Ask your primary care doctor for a referral, check board certification and insurance participation, and compare more than one option. 'Best' is usually the best fit for your needs.
What is the difference between an orthopedic surgeon and an orthopedic doctor?
The terms are often used interchangeably, though an orthopedic surgeon is trained to perform surgery and also provides non-surgical care. Some orthopedic doctors focus mainly on non-surgical approaches. Either may be a good starting point depending on your situation.
Should I see a specialist for my specific joint or injury?
Often it can help to see someone who regularly treats your type of concern. Many orthopedic surgeons focus on areas such as the knee, hip, shoulder, spine, hand, or foot. Ask how often they see cases like yours.
What should I bring to my first orthopedic appointment?
Bring a list of symptoms, medications, past injuries or surgeries, and any prior imaging or records. Also bring your insurance information and written questions. Being prepared can help the visit be more productive.
Do I need a referral to see an orthopedic surgeon?
It depends on your insurance plan. Some plans require a referral from a primary care doctor, while others allow you to schedule directly. Call your insurer and the surgeon's office to confirm before booking.
Is it okay to get a second opinion before orthopedic surgery?
Yes, getting a second opinion before major surgery is common and encouraged. It can help you understand your options and feel more confident in your decision. Your records can usually be shared between offices.
Educational resource. Best Orthopedic Doctors shares general information and connects people with independent orthopedic doctors. It is not medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Talk with a licensed professional about your health.